DLC for Dark Souls 2 (DKS2) covers additional downloadable content for the game. Attributes can be increased by assigning points into them when Leveling Up. Hexes have been moved from their own school in Dark Souls 2 into miracles instead in Dark Souls 3. ”. Found in a chest at Earthen Peak. Black Witch Domino Mask seems to increase spell damage by roughly 3% (Soul Level 227 with 50 INT and Olenford's. You could also have 40 greater resonant souls theoretically if you manually played through the game over and over again because you can't farm them. At 95 Agility, it takes 63 frames (2. Lightning Spear is a miracle in Dark Souls II. 2 - Get 20 VIGOR. Can't get your magic spells to work? Dark Souls' spell system is a bit complex, but it all comes down to attuning magic. Fought below the deck of a ship, this boss is a conjoined warrior with one half wielding scimitars and the other spiked clubs. It doesn't drop when killing Licia, you need the 30 Faith (SotFS) increases same amount of spell use as hexer's hood (10%, min of 1). He can move very quickly for such a large enemy, and can, in particular, close rapidly on the player. This means that at level 30, five slots of Attunement will be granted to the player; at level 40, six slots of Attunement will be given, and so on. The spell slots break down as follows: Attunement. #2. Hat gives +1 attunement slot, but requires 20 Intelligence to wear (* Intelligence only needed for defensive stats, attunement slot is obtained even without 20 intelligence). Some items, like the Crown of Dusk or the Bellowing. Poise. With 45 DEX you can cast your pyromancies really fast, though 40 is good enough, really. With that in mind, it's safe to say that any class can work as a. . Get rid of any other spells you have on and assign it then. Faith is an Attribute in Dark Souls 2. There will be 5 sections: 96 Agility - 11 i-frames, equal to the DS1 mid-roll - 6 backstep i-frames 99 Agility - 12 i-frames - 6 backstep i-frames Attunement is a stat in Dark Souls. - dark chaos blade or dual wielding katanas. updated Feb 27, 2015. E. 4 - Get 99 agility (100 agility if you want to use backsteps, but it's not important for PvE) . You can infuse your weapons, but it might be easier to just summon another player in your case. You can attune multiple copies of. ADP: 10. Endurance. Alternatively, obtain the ring that gives you an automatic Attunement slot while equipped. Soul of the Flexile Sentry. Hat gives +1 attunement slot, but requires 20 Intelligence to wear (* Intelligence only needed for defensive stats, attunement slot is obtained even without 20 intelligence). Aside. If you haven't put points into vigor, then you probably should just get to 45 or 50 attunement. It just sucks that base agility seems so poor for dodging. 2 Answers. Dark Defence in Dark Souls 2. Select a spell at the Top Bar. Twinblades in Dark Souls II are a type of Weapon that are new to the Souls series, they are different to other sword weapons in that they have two blades attached to each opposite side of the weapon. To attune a spell or miracle, open the spell or miracle menu and select the slot you wish to attune it to. #3. 1. Ps3/360/Dx9. Some rings have upgraded versions, having a maximum of +3. . Also slightly boosts casting speed. How to build a Sorcerer! By TrueArchery. It is also possible to increase Attunement Slots. I do believe you can get around this for the moment by unequipping on of the attuned items without unattuning, after this you can attune to the fourth item, after which you simply re-equip the item that was unequipped, and voila, you are now attuned to 4 items. . But that is of little concern, for any Undead knows the value of these precious flasks. Rings can be repaired at a blacksmith, but not upgraded. Faith. white-cyclosa • 9 yr. You don't get 1 attunement slot per point in attunement. Lightning Spear has a somewhat lengthy casting time and does not home in. Rapier is a weapon in Dark Souls 2. It was fun. The Attune Magic function will appear on the menu after acquiring a spell scroll (Hex, Miracle, Pyromancy, Sorcery); The starting classes which begin with a spell will have the Attune Spell function available immediately; DS2 Bonfire: Traveling. Ionblayde Nov 26, 2012 @ 5:41pm. So I would put it in attunement, plus you get more slots. Starting stats and equipment: Starts the game at level 13, with 12 vigor, 6 endurance, 7 vitality, 4 attunement, 11 strength, 8 dexterity, 9 adaptability, 3 intelligence, and 6 faith. For the Dark Souls III variant, see Lightning Spear (Dark Souls III). This is Hexer's Hood for Fth users, too bad Int users don't have one. Agility. ago. 16. After 35 it goes down to 2-3 FP per point. ATN counts twice as much as INT/FTH as well. Also boosts spell casting speed, agility and curse resistance. It is an important attribute to level up for Sorcerers, Clerics and Pyromancers. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright. Training to become canon. Increases the caster's Fire defense by 300 points for 90 seconds. A divine ring entrusted to the head bishop of the Way of White and apostle to Allfather Lloyd, uncle to Lord Gwyn. Rosabeth of Melfia Information. DS2 solves both of these issues: It has some kind of effect at every level, be that increasing agility, cast speed, or attunement slots, no level felt wasted. Grants +3 Intelligence and Faith. Attunement scales decently until 29, when it starts to cost 10 points for every extra attunement slot, so try to play around that breakpoint. Extra attunement/faster casting/longer lasting effects/more casts for a caster, or Red Tearstone if you’re going for a constant glass cannon. The casting speed is roughly the same as Great Heavy Soul Arrow. Dark Souls 2 - Adaptibility and Agility I-Frame Comparisons (Games) by Emarrel Published Duration Likes Total Views. Use the special soul of the Flexile Sentry to acquire numerous souls, or to create something of great worth". During the beta I put all my levels into Attunement to see how much of an. " Location30/30 INT/FTH, 40 ATN and get yourself 3 Dark Orbs for PvE because a Hexer is the easiest thing to play as in DS2. Upon talking to him, he reveals to the player that he has come to Drangleic on a treasure hunt, and he warns them about a group of bandits who are preying on travelers in the area. A giant, aggressive knight that relentlessly "pursues" the player. 96, 99 and 105 agl are good spots to stick to. Dex scaling changes to E. ATTUNEMENT: 10. 28 May 2023 20:28. When you rescue Rosabeth of Melfia, he will thank you and become available for summons. requires 7 open warp locations, an. Black Witch Hat is a Helm in Dark Souls 2. This is my second character, first one is a little squirrelly on the stats - I wanted to get this one just right. You get another slot at certain levels. Dagger ; 20 Wood. Lightning Spear has a somewhat. The build that is listed below is a set of equipment and recommended stats that we see fit for the Bandit Class in Dark Souls 2. Southern bands add slots but don't reduce HP. You can raise slots also with certains rings you come across during the game. For Forbidden Sun try this: raise your ATN to 43. Is there anything else that raises slots? Any other ring that adds slots, or helmet with a. Return the player to the last bonfire unless you are over the weight limit. Shark roll May 8, 2014 @ 6:34am. Must have a Token of Fidelity in inventory to access all dialog, Targray as a merchant, and the Blue Sentinels covenant. Raises stamina: +2 stamina per point (0-20), +1 stamina per point. Agility is hard capped at 120. 0-9 = 0 10-12 = 1 13-15 = 2 16-19 = 3 And so on. A community dedicated to Dark Souls 2, game released for PC, PlayStation 3 and 4, Xbox 360 and One. Faith and int depend on damage type. This is because you will be able to freely change. Jul 11, 2015 @ 11:19pm how do I open them up when there are spells/miracles in the attunement qeues? There is no button to remove themDexterity is an Attribute in Dark Souls 2. "A hex modified from an old sorcery by Gilleah, the father of Hexing. :Bb::DaS3: • 9 yr. Training to. Agility is the stat that's important. The player can equip magic at Bonfires. Casting speed will increase for every 2 points in Attunement, or 4 points in Faith or Intelligence . Royal Sorcerer Navlaan is an NPC in Dark Souls 2 . i get the ADP complaints, but tbf, leveling in DS2 is dirt cheap. 75 Agility per Adaptability, and 0. You can do that with 26 adaptability and 8 attunement or 20 adaptability and 26 attunement. Chadder Cheese. Alright, so in the first Dark Souls, I made a superstrong tank character for my first playthrough. I personally feel levelling up ADP is a waste when hitboxes are so wonky to begin with, you might as well put the points into "kill things faster" or "have more armor and HP to counteract damage" instead. Raise the Attunement attribute high enough to get 1 Attunement slot. If you don't have enough spells to cast before a boss fight (I. " -Dark Souls 2 Wiki, Agility page. 5 or Demons Souls 2. Attributes can be increased by assigning points. One is sold by Licia of Lindeldt for 6,000 souls. Endurance An attribute that determines your overall stamina. Some can only be found in NG+. just outside of the bonfire-room - drop down and fight them) Optional: Pick up the Small White Sign Soapstone and the Small Leather Shield. I feel silly having wasted a attunement slot on Homeward for so long -_-" I'm basically at the end of the game now having farmed. Grottowalker May 7, 2014 @ 5:28am. For example my current character…Attunement. The Southern Ritual Band is a ring in Dark Souls II. Filling up all the player's Attunement Slots with this spell isn't even that bad a strategy, given how generous this spell is with its uses! Dark Souls is available on PS3, PS4, Xbox 360, Xbox One. Lightning Spear is a miracle in Dark Souls II. Attunement determines your character's attunement slots,. 5: Attunement Slots +3: Scorpioness Najka (New Game Plus) Spell Quartz Ring. One of cleric's biggest beginning problems is that their endurance stat, which governs your stamina (aka your LET YOU DO SHIT bar, that green thing underneath the red that is your HP bar). 5. Warrior in Dark Souls II is a Starting Class . I suggest taking attunement to 75 for a high level build, or 50 for a low level build. I do believe you can get around this for the moment by unequipping on of the attuned items without unattuning, after this you can attune to the fourth item, after which you simply re-equip the item that was unequipped, and voila, you are now attuned to 4 items. For the Dark Souls variant, see Lightning Spear. A hat and a ring I. Scythe of the Forlorn is a weapon in Dark Souls 2. All episodes were either $9. how much Agi you want. Headshots on most enemies do more damage (you can use Binoculars to make this easier). How should you build your character. For a sorcerer, 40 intelligence is the soft cap and 60 intelligence is for max damage. Testing shows a 30% damage increase from Soul Spear. Benhart of Jugo is an NPC in Dark Souls 2. To imagine what unspeakable deeds were performed to create such rings, one need only recall the cruel fate of the resident of Aldia. The thief, hunter, and deprived all need faith leveled to at least 12,attunement leveled to at least 10, and intelligence leveled to 10-14 to make use of their faith and attunement that's somewhat extra but not quite as specialized as classes like the cleric, bandit, wanderer, and sorcerer. You won’t receive this rate. Scales with the lower stat of Intelligence and Faith (referred to as "Dark" below) Start with 0 and gain 6 Dark Defence per Dark between level 1 and 10, total 60 Dark Defence at 10 Dark. Add or remove spell scrolls from attunement slots. So don't go over 105. If you're using a keyboard it would be the key that triggers using items. 11% per Dark Defence, 900 total Dark Defence makes you immune to dark. Starting Class Soul Level Vigor Endurance Vitality Attunement Strength Dexterity Adaptability Intelligence Faith Souls to next Level. You get 0. Blue Sentinel Targray Information. Dark Souls 2 is often considered to be the black sheep of the trilogy, but many issues can be overcome with a strong starting class. Completing. The Pyromancy Flame and Dark Pyromancy Flame are the only catalysts in the game able to cast pyromancies. Updated: 23 Nov 2022 19:50. As you increase INT, the damage scaling. Attunement. Part of Black Witch Set. Weapons in Dark Souls II are pieces of offensive equipment that are used by a player's character to deal damage agains Enemies and Bosses. Notes. Anyone can benefit from Pyromancy providing they have at least some. 2023-05-26. Attunement. ago. Each attuned magic has a limited number of uses that can be restored by resting at a bonfire. The three sisters are also known as the Old Firekeepers. Upgraded with Twinkling Titanite. Actual martial combat is all about trying to parry or wear. Aged Feather is a special tool item in Dark Souls 2. "Some say Kos. Other than that I completely agree. Strowen is an NPC in Dark Souls 2. Shark roll May 8, 2014 @ 6:34am. Beyond that point, it becomes considerably harder to increase Agility. Spells can be attuned at the bonfire, provided the player has available Attunement slots. Dagger ; 20 Wood. Darkmoon Ring. Get the points in attunement. Attributes can be increased by assigning points into them when Leveling Up. Players can interact with them to bring up their specific menu and ask to view their wares. This phase is associated with much higher damaging attacks as well as triple elemental damage, physical, fire and dark (Dark needs confirmation but having high fire resist does not negate all the damage from his attacks). Toggle navigation. Check out our guide to Dark Souls 2's New Game Plus mode. Attunement Information & Notes. Faith determines your character's lightning bonus, lightning defence, and casting speed. One large chunk of the bar is approximately 28. There's also a small cast # boost that happens over time but it's not as significant as multiple copy attunement. Raises HP: 30 per point (0-20), 20 per point (21-50), 5 HP per point (51-99). If you’re looking to increase your attunement slots in Dark Souls 2, there are a few things you can do. I already have a talisman equipped. Endurance determines your character's stamina, physical defence, and poise. For Dark Souls II on the PlayStation 3, a GameFAQs message board topic titled “Got the Plus 3 attunement slot ring. IV+NukeJockey: Just to confirm, do you have 6 points in attunement or 6 slots? You don't get your first slot until you have 8 ATT iirc. Buy a Firebomb and blow up the wall to the first Pursuer-encounter. Royal Soldier's Ring is a Ring in Dark Souls 2 (DKS2). The higher the attunement level, the more attunement slots become available. Dark Souls 2 Character Planner includes stats, weapons attack calculator, all equipment effects and search optimal class. You don't need either much but the scaling until 20 is too good to pass up. Northern ritual bands add attunement slots but reduce HP. You've never leveled Attunement and you. 2, Black flame and black flame. Soul Spear is a sorcery in Dark Souls II. For an in-depth guide on Attunement, check out How to Get Solar, Void, and Arc Attunement in Destiny 2. Points per attunement slot increases until 75. r/DarkSouls2. But if you get another spell that needs 3 attunement slots, you will need to get rid of your last spell. Are there other helms or armor that raise the number of attunement slots? Most other helms for casters seem to give casting speed or one extra spell cast and a bump to intellect or faith. Basically Soul Spear in this game is a near horizontal upgrade to casting 2 GHSA back-to-back. In DS2 it's based on Attunement and Intelligence or Faith. Class stats: Vigor: 7 Endurance: 6 Vitality: 6 Attunement: 5 Strength: 15 Dexterity: 11 Adaptability: 5 Intelligence: 5 Faith: 5 Weapons: Broken Straight Sword. * Yes. That's only if you have 2 attunement slots available. From what I've been reading, agility causes you to recover from actions faster, no animations get changed. Attunement is a stat in Dark Souls II. 19 attunement. Attunement glitch makes faith as OP as it should be(and generally every other magic build) I fucking love the attunement glitch, spamming forbidden sun is just so satisfying, and doubly so for great lightning spear, now i just need to get sunlight spear( A grind and a half for offline) , and start wrecking with it. "A hex modified from an old sorcery by Gilleah, the father of Hexing. Diminishing returns hit after 110 Agility is reached. Highly recommended to have at least 40-50 attunement to have multiple spells on. STR/INT is pretty fuckin great, gives you many different options for approaching fights in the most advantageous way. In ds1 and ds3, a light roll has 13 iframes. And then one every ten points ex. Open the DS2 Ascended Mod ZIP file you downloaded. can easily get 30k souls in the first hour of playing, so you can get all the ADP levels you need right away and. You've never leveled Attunement and you. Note that 2-handing grants the benefits of 50% your strength rating. . To cast a miracle, you must use a Talismans or Special Weapons that can cast Miracles . The mace is the archetypal blunt weapon. There's a table of it at ds2 wiki. You dont have to use pyromancy, but if your a strength or dex build, its really good to become a pyro because you dont need to level up stats to make your pyro. my spell uses didnt change after equipping this one in comparison to hexers (rested at bonfire). Sold by Straid of Olaphis for 2,200 souls. Attunement Information & Notes. This page will help you create the best possible build for your playstyle or. Upgraded versions must be acquired throughout the. This is because you will be able to freely. Investing in Endurance increases maximum stamina, equipment load, and bleed resistance. ago. Definitely get agility to 86 as a starting amount. Ps4/X1/Dx11. #12. More attunement means you can take less adp. For this attribute, it is paramount to understand how Dark Souls handles spells. I rarely used pyro anyway, but S&O demanded that I kill them melee. It's also good to know that 16 STR and 16 DEX is enough to wield all the naturally scaling INT weapons (aside from Artorias Greatsword but that's an everything weapon). The Attune Magic function will appear on the menu after acquiring a spell scroll (Hex, Miracle, Pyromancy, Sorcery) The starting classes which begin with a spell will have the Attune Spell function available immediately; DS2 Bonfire: Traveling ssj4warrior 9 years ago #2. Add a comment. this glitch lets you map the slot & cast attributes of a low-level spell onto a high level spell in any DS2 game on a PC. The Starting Classes of Dark Souls II will only give you a head start on certain stats. Cleric in Dark Souls II is a Starting Class . Faith determines your character's lightning bonus, lightning defence, and casting speed. March 20, 2023 by PlayJoe. STRENGTH: 11. Spells of all three branches of Magic can be attuned to multiple slots for more. raise ATN to 10. The good faith spells are buffs and not offensive for the most part. You assign it just like any other spell, you just need to have 2 slots available. Adaptability and Agility determines how many videogame seconds of videogame invinsibility your character gets when they dodge, meaning with enough points you can dodge into an enemies blade hitbox and not get hurt, for some reason. This mask, which you may remember from Dark Souls 2, makes a reappearance in the Ringed City. Vitality determines your character's equipment load, physical defence, and poison resistance. From that point, every three points gives you an additional slot until you. There are other items that increase spell use, such as Hexer's Hood. Great magic barrier for 1 attunement slot and only 28 faith is a pretty good buff for pve or pvp. I personally believe DS2 has redeeming qualities, but I can understand why they'd be ignored when there are so many issues (that are QUITE easy to tweak) that are. With the appropriate number of Attunement Slots, the spell can be attuned at any bonfire by pressing the "Attune Spell" button. There shouldn't be any doubt that Pyromancer is the best class to start with. Shoots a projectile spell that deals magic damage. " - GFaqs, 2015. Since getting copies of this is so easy with ascetics, you stack every attunement slot with them and gain an additional cast per slot with a +0 northern ritual. This can be done by defeating the dragon in the Firelink Shrine, or by finding the bonfire that is located in the central Irithyll of the Crown of the Old One. The Cleric is meant for players who prefer a Magic-Melee type of class. Level up attunement. I go for 100 usually. dual wielding great hammers for absolute destruction at the cost of A LOT of stamina. Raise your attunement to 25 so you can carry a combination of your favorite spells whether it be a few great lightning spears, pyromancy spells, or. The reason I'm wondering is that even for a faith caster, 20 attunement seems fine with the +2 ring, at least for PvE. An attribute that determines your overall Stamina. The starting amount of iframes for dark souls 2 starter classes have only 5-8 frames, while in dark souls 1 and 3, stats do not affect rolling, only equip load does. Attunement. Vigor An attribute that determines HP. Example: If you hit a wall beside an enemy with a Spear, the enemy will take 14. 13 atn = 02 atn slots. Southern Ritual Band. Unlimited uses. Between 10 and 35 attunement it bounces around between ~6 and 10 FP per point. Attunement is an Attribute in Dark Souls 2. grimreaper698 7 years ago #3. - mastodon halberd. Also slightly increases your physical defence and poison resistance. Gwyndolin, also known as the Dark Sun, commands the Darkmoon Knights, and bestows this ring upon the best of them. The most Attunement slots you can acquire through this method is ten, which is achieved by. Attunement Slots +2: Brightstone Cove Tseldora: Southern Ritual Band +2: 1. On the attune magic menu you should see how many you have, which would be zero if your attunement stat is very low. Highly recommended to have at least 40-50 attunement to have multiple spells on. Updated Mar 17, 2022. 75 * sacred chimes Lightning ATK in damage. . The King's elder brother Aldia sought to overcome the curse through means unalike his sibling's. 2ATN = 1ATN+2FTH = 1ATN+2INT = 1ATN+1FTH+1INT = 2INT+2FTH = 1FTH+3INT = 3FTH+1INT. Belonged to Licia of Lindelt. Pyros need it in the 40's. To use hexes, equip a sacred chime or staff, and attune a hex at a bonfire. To use any kind of magic, the player would first need to learn the spell and equip a weapon or catalyst that corresponds to the spell's magic class. Raise the Attunement attribute high enough to get 1 Attunement slot. If you're looking for pure agility, ADP is what. A: It's really similar to the guard brake, but this time you need to press forward+heavy attack (W+Shift+Mouse Button). Forlorn is an enemy in Dark Souls 2. 30 strength, 16 Intelligence, and enough attunement. Similar to Soul Greatsword; when cast, creates a greatsword composed of Dark energy, which the player swings in a horizontal arc in front. Lmao, hi from the present. Dexterity determines your character's ability wield weapons, damage with dexterity scaling weapons, poison and bleed bonus, and physical defence. Attributes can be increased by assigning points into them when Leveling Up. There is a table there that shows number of spells at different attunement levels, based on what the initial number of spells is. You have to put a lot of points into Attunement to increase the number of slots for spells. Rings can be repaired at a blacksmith, but not upgraded. White Seance Ring is a Ring in Dark Souls and Dark Souls Remastered. The Attributes in Dark Souls 2 Vigor. Saint's Set. This stat governs how many Attunement slots the player has, which in turn allows players to equip and use more types of magic at once. In-Game Description. I forgot the name. There is also a ring that grants additional spell uses, it's called Northen Ritual Band. Influence of Items on Slots. Extract the files and copy the rest of the Mod files into your. Cleric. It sends out an eye, which will seek out the enemy or dark spirit. Dark Souls 2 is so. Black Witch Domino Mask. There are items to give you them too. This uses heavy dual-wielded weapons but gives off high damage. Everyone knows there are four ring slots in Dark Souls 2, but really there are only effectively 2 because the first two are taken up by Chloranthy Ring and Third Dragon Ring. The Starting Classes of Dark Souls II will only give you a head start on certain stats. Theoretically you would just use Dark Orb in PvE so any Attunement over 16 for 3 slots filled with DO is kinda unnecessary. Vitality is an Attribute in Dark Souls 2. This is not Dark Souls 2, nor it is the Dark Souls 3 this is Dark Souls Pre Sequel. Is there any way at all to get more attunement slots in this game without spending precious stat Points? Minmaxing mages have to sacrifice enough fashion as it is (lets's face it, the Dusk Crown looks derpy as hell), let's. Dark Souls 1. DEX: 9. You can put the rest in VIT, END and ATT. Can pierce through multiple enemies. #5 Mar 8, 2019 Mithrandir12508. Boosts magic, fire and dark attack and defence. Yes, having high attunement is great. Vigor is an Attribute in Dark Souls 2. and I say giant Cthulhu baby. So basically I’m trying to find a chart of how many casts of individual spells you get at certain attunement levels. Miracles in Dark Souls II are a type of Magic that mostly Heals or Buffs a player. Does 20% of the damage the enemy would take as AOE (area of effect) damage. If it's too low, you have zero slots. ago. Reply BrandonAC •. It is the first area in the DLC Crown of the Sunken King. If I remember correctly, you need at least 10 attunement to get 1 spell slot. Caveat: attunement also affects how fast you cast, the ring doesn't help with that. Attunement Level Number of Attunement Slots ; 0-9 : 0 : 10-11 : 1 : 12-13 : 2 : 14-15 : 3 : 16-18 : 4 :. you can use the att stat to boost agility which increases your i. Attribute required for Miracles and Hexes. Rolling and movement speeds have changed now but in order to fast roll properly you now need Adaptability. This guide is meant to help players get the gear they need to follow this path with. Yeah, 95 is about where it should be. Raise your attunement stat during level ups or use a Northern Ritual Band for additional attunement slots traded off for max HP. 43 Attunement - 40 ATN gets you 7. Slightly increases HP for each point. 28 attunement will get you 7 slots which is a very comfortable amount for a pure sorcery build. How to complete Metamorphosis Attunement in Destiny 2. It comes with a hand axe, round shield, and pyromancy flame that is very helpful. Dark Souls 2 (PC) Attunement Glitch ( 30 or more of every spell ) PC Version only! Regular DS2 and Scholar of the first sin both work. ago. Both ADP and ATT increase Agility. Also boosts poison bonus and poise. 40,50,60. Dark Orb is a Hex in Dark Souls 2. Rings | Dark Souls 2 Wiki. Step 3 is to level. sprittracker 9 years ago #4.